This article consists of two parts. In the first part we looked at the distribution of nasals in Persian (: m & n) to determine how they are distributed in consonant clusters of Persian words. Our hypothesis in this part was that in etymologically Persian words, there is a strong tendency in nasals to appear in complementary distribution in consonant clusters. The result of this part confirmed our hypothesis. Since in the first part we differentiated between etymologically Persian words and loanwords, the second part of the article was dedicated to determining what are the distributional-phonological characteristics of loanwords in Persian? Our hypothesis in the second part was that the distribution of phonological features of loanwords ten

The present paper is about the ellipsis of the verb phrase construction in Sanandaji Kurdish language within the minimalist program. The ellipsis of the verb phrase construction has been challenged in recent studies in Iranian languages and various analyses have been suggested for this structure. These analyses in Persian language include (1) the v-stranding verb phrase ellipsis, (2) the null argument, (3) the DP/NP Ellipsis. Considering the affinity between Persian and Kurdish languages, many of the generalization in the ellipsis of the verb phrase construction in Persian language can be applied in Sanandaji Kurdish language. Therefore, in this article we consider verb phrase ellipsis in Persian language and then, use the result in the ana

The aim of this research is to analyze total reduplication of verbs in Persian. Reduplication in Persian is divided into total and partial reduplication. One kind of total reduplication is the repetition of the word made by be + present verb root. The base word can be an adjective, a noun or an adverb. When these words are reduplicated, they will make new words that are different from base in form, meaning or usage or all of them. So, they can be regarded as constructions that in comparison to the base have a different pair of form and meaning. What we mean by construction is construction in the sense suggested in Construction Grammar and Construction Morphology of Booij (2010). Two questions of the research are: 1- How can we call these ki

The present study is aimed to find the natural classes in final rhyme of some verses in the Holy Qur"an. Many verses in the Qur"an have the final rhymes ending in the same consonants and vowels; some others don"t have similar consonants or vowels in the final rhyme; however, they have audible beauty. The reason is that there are some phonological relations between final consonants and vowels of one verse to another. This relation can be construed as natural classes of sounds. The text corpus of the present study is comprised of all of the verses of the Holy Qur"an. Some of the key findings of the study are as follows: (1) Although the final consonants and vowels of some sequential verses were different, they can be classified as natural cla

Congenital visual impairment deprives children of an important source of information affecting acquired concepts as well as speech production. The primary aim of the research was to evaluate the extent to which blindness may affect vowel features (intensity, height, pitch, tongue movements, and lip protrusion). In the present paper 1728 speech samples from the natural production of the three repetitions of Persian vowel uttered by eight congenitally blind individuals and their equivalent sighted peers (all ranging from 10 to 15 years with mean age of 13? 1.69) were recorded under similar prosodic conditions. Significancy of differences in the interaction of vowel type and degree of blindness in the values of second and third frequency is in

The aim of this research is to analyze the two varieties of British and American English in respect of their phonetic differences. Although the language of Britain and America is English, there are some pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammatical, idiomatic and other differences between them. In this research, the phonetic differences between these two English varieties have been analyzed in terms of their vowels (including monophthongs and diphthongs) and consonants. The method used in this research is comparative whose data have been collected through library and internet sources. Comparative method is a linguistic method used to compare and contrast two or more languages. The obtained results, based on the comparison between British

In this paper, past stem of a number of Persian verbs which seem to be irregular have been investigated in OT theory based on Persian phonotactics. The research questions include: 1) How Persian phonotactics rules are applied to analyze past stems' segment sequences? 2) What phonological processes are applicable to preserve Persian phonotactics patterns after adding past morpheme? To answer these questions, 36 verbs which their final syllables are heavy (cv: cc) are taken into consideration according to syllable structure and phonotactics. In sum, the findings demonstrated that: a) these cases are completely regular and entirely consistent with the Persian phonotactic rules; b) there is a close relation between the nucleus of thec v: cc syl

Comparative study and analysis of educational texts leads us to a more accurate understanding of their characteristics. In this regard, the present study aims to answer the question that whether there are the differences between the textbooks which are specially designed for the non-Iranian Persian learners in advanced courses and those medical texts which are taught at the first semester of the academic year. Doing so, the texts were analyzed and compared with regard to the grammatical metaphor, ranked and rank-shifted components at the level of the clause and clause complex, and so on. In the course of the research, a corpus consisting of 9886 words extracted from the textbooks of the of medical sciences texts for Persian learners and 977

This paper aims at describing the mechanism of German loanwords adaptation with respect to constraints of Persian language and within OT framework. Consequently the adaptation of consonant clusters and diphthongs as well as the phonemes substituted in loanwords will be examined. Prince and Smolensky’s (1993) Optimality Theory with its key notions of faithfulness and markedness constraints is suited to model this aspect of linguistic competence. So in this research a number of 30 German loanwords were selected as research data of which some were collected through the library method from written resources and the rest are the trade names of German Products that are collected through a field work. Descriptive analysis of the mentioned data w

The worldwide spread of English, especially through the tenets and assumptions of the mainstream English language teaching (ELT) has had ideological, socio-cultural and political implications in the field of education. Reviewing these tenets and assumptions, this paper attempts to reveal this growing industry through publicizing the spread of Center-created methods, materials, curriculum and expertise as well as legitimizing only the Center's linguistic and cultural norms, introduces itself not only as a merely educational and value-free trend, but hides its biased exclusive and hegemonic nature. Then, to reveal its hidden nature and functions, it attempts to introduce and problematize some important assumptions of ELT taken for granted. Fi

In this article, the most important phonological processes of Kalhori Kurdishdialect have been analyzed on the basis of “generative theory”. To achieve this goal, the researchers collected data from 13 informants by interviewing with them, who were in all range of ages and all educational sections. Also one of the researchers is a native speaker of this dialect. We used written sources and ducuments like thesises, articles, and books as the background of the research. The gathered data were written according to the" IPA" alphabets. Method of research was descriptive-analytic in generative framework. Data analysis showed these phonological processes: assimilation and deletion in the middle and end of the word, insertion in the middle of

This research aims to explore the observance of Syllable Contact Law (SCL) in Persian simple words. To achieve this aim, 4661 contacts were extracted from 9553 simple polysyllabic words. Results show that in 45% of the syllable boundaries the sonority drops from the coda of the first syllable to the onset of the next one. Also in 68% of the consonant contacts in pure Persian words SCL is observed. Therefore, we conclude that although the SCL is not observed in Persian polysyllabic simple words, it is observed in most consonant contacts of pure Persian data.

Although linguists have been studying the “News” as a type of text for a long period of time, the researches have been mainly of the product-oriented types, which purely analyze the news texts and their linguistic characteristics. Linguists and media researchers have been mainly keen to determine sets of criteria known as “News Values” so far, and the result is various lists of media and linguistic news selection norms. The goal of this article is finding answer for the following questions: How news production process can be orchestrated in a linguistic model? What are the linguistic news values? and How these linguistic values correlate with other selection criteria? In addition to revisiting the theoretical notion of “News Value

The aim of this article is to study the phonological processes of Bala-Gueriveh Luri in Khoram Abad (Lurestan, Iran) and to compare these processes with those of Standard Persian. The data were collected through a four-hour interview with four Lur informants. Furthermore, one of the authors is a native speaker of this dialect. The data were transcribed according to the International Phonetic Alphabet and analyzed descriptively. The phonological processes studied here are: consonantal processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, neutralization, lenition, elision and metathesis. In this dialect, lenition and elision are more active than other processes.

The aim of this article is to study the phonological processes of Bala-Gueriveh Luri in Khoram Abad (Lurestan, Iran) and to compare these processes with those of Standard Persian. The data were collected through a four-hour interview with four Lur informants. Furthermore, one of the authors is a native speaker of this dialect. The data were transcribed according to the International Phonetic Alphabet and analyzed descriptively. The phonological processes studied here are: consonantal processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, neutralization, lenition, elision and metathesis. In this dialect, lenition and elision are more active than other processes.

This paper investigates epenthesis process in Persian to catch some results in relating to vowel and consonant insertion in Persian lexicon. This survey has a close relationship to the description of epenthetic consonants and the conditions in which these consonants are used. Since no word in Persian may begin with a vowel, so that hiatus can’t be considered immensely in Persian. But there are several reasons to reject such a substantial claim; as the best well-known of them is clitics, such as; plural suffix/-αn/, nominalizer/adjectivizer suffix/-i/, and also the bound morpheme “to be”/-ast/. Obviously, these morphemes begin with a vowel because of dependency on their before words, thus as a result it occurs hiatus. In order to reso